منابع مشابه
Stool consistency as a major confounding factor affecting microbiota composition: an ignored variable?
In this age of the microbiome, the one request most oft heard is ‘so what is the biomarker for this disease?’ In a world of ‘one-size-fits-all’ solutions, and a one pathogen-one disease framework of investigation, most doctors, clinical healthcare professionals, and healthcare industrialists just want the punchline—what is the bacterium that is causing that disease? The problem with this approa...
متن کاملYawning: a possible confounding variable in EMG biofeedback studies.
An elderly hemiplegic patient participating in an EMG biofeedback training program was observed to produce a synergistic flexion movement of the plegic (determined by functional evaluations) upper limb while yawning. In the course of the training sessions the electrical activity of the anterior deltoid (the target muscle) was recorded during yawning. These peak EMG values were greatly facilitat...
متن کاملUsing an instrumental variable to test for unmeasured confounding.
An important concern in an observational study is whether or not there is unmeasured confounding, that is, unmeasured ways in which the treatment and control groups differ before treatment, which affect the outcome. We develop a test of whether there is unmeasured confounding when an instrumental variable (IV) is available. An IV is a variable that is independent of the unmeasured confounding a...
متن کامل[RETRACTED ARTICLE]: Culture as a variable in neuroscience and clinical neuropsychology: A comprehensive review
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642015DN93000002.].
متن کاملCulture as a variable in neuroscience and clinical neuropsychology: A comprehensive review
Culture is a dynamic system of bidirectional influences among individuals and their environment, including psychological and biological processes, which facilitate adaptation and social interaction. One of the main challenges in clinical neuropsychology involves cognitive, behavioral and functional assessment of people with different sociocultural backgrounds. In this review essay, examining cu...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: British Journal of Psychiatry
سال: 1991
ISSN: 0007-1250,1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/s0007125000048273